What is Arrhythmia?
Arrhythmia means uneven or irregular heartbeat. A person with this condition may suffer from variation in a heartbeat, sometimes too quickly, too early, or with an irregular rhythm.
Not every heart arrhythmias are harmful. However, if they are too much irregular, arrhythmias can also cause severe and fatal complications for a person's life. We will be knowing more about arrhythmia symptoms
In this article, we will be knowing about the types of arhythmia like ex- premature atrial contractions, sinus syndrome, atrial flutter, etc.
We will also be knowing an update on this disease by Gordon research conference
What causes arrhythmia and who is at risk?
Normally the heart beats regularly at about 70 beats per minute, although it can beat in no time during and following exercise or with fear or anxiety.
It also can beat very slowly in healthy athletes at rest. Occasional irregular beats also are normal and may be more frequent after drinking coffee and in early pregnancy.
Arrhythmias result from damage to or an abnormality of the heart's conduction system, which is liable for setting the speed and rhythm of the guts.
The foremost common cause is arteria coronaria disease, especially an attack, which interferes with the conduction system.
Another common cause is an overactive thyroid (a gland within the neck that produces a hormone that controls the speed of the body's chemical reactions).
Certain medicines also can cause arrhythmias:
Antidepressants like amitriptyline can cause a life-threatening arrhythmia when taken in higher doses than prescribed,
Medicines like terfenadine and astemizole use to treat pollinosis can cause a life-threatening arrhythmia when taken at higher doses than prescribed, or when crazy other medicines (especially a commonly used antibiotic called erythromycin).
Terfenadine also can cause a fatal arrhythmia when crazy fruit juice.
A few sorts of arrhythmias are inherited.
What are the common symptoms and complications of an arrhythmia?
Normally the guts fill with blood between each heartbeat, then pump this blood out of the guts with each heartbeat. The blood supplies the body with the oxygen and nutrients it needs.
An arrhythmia can interfere with the guts filling with blood then the guts radiates less blood than normal with each beat. If this quantity may be a lot but normal, symptoms occur thanks to the shortage of oxygen reaching the body.
The primary part of the body affected is that the brain and this leads to dizziness and faintness. If the lungs don't receive enough blood there's difficulty breathing, and if the guts don't receive enough blood there's heart pain (angina) and should be a coronary failure.
There are many sorts of arrhythmia:
Atrial fibrillation (rapid, irregular beats of the upper chambers of the heart) is common within the elderly and also in people that have an overactive thyroid gland. It's not usually life-threatening, but can cause deteriorating heart function,
Ventricular arrhythmias (rapid, irregular beats initiated within the lower chambers of the heart) are commonest in people that have had an attack or who have a heart condition and are life-threatening.
They're the foremost frequent explanation for death in developed countries and are common within the first few days after an attack. this is often why people that have had an attack are monitored for a couple of days afterward.
The other main symptom of arrhythmia is palpitations. this is often an awareness of the guts beat, which can seem to be excessively fast or irregular.
However, palpitations don't necessarily indicate that there's an arrhythmia unless they're excessively fast or irregular. Palpitations with a traditional pulse are normal, as is an awareness of an occasional missed beat.
How do doctors recognize an arrhythmia?
Many arrhythmias are often seen on an electrocardiogram (ECG). this is often an electrical recording of the guts that are obtained by placing small round plates on the chest and recording the electrical activity of the guts.
Some arrhythmias only occur intermittently (especially those related to heart disease) and during this situation, continuous monitoring is required to detect the arrhythmia. this will be done reception by wearing a transportable recorder.
The days when symptoms are noticed are noted. during this way, endless recordings are often obtained over 24 hours, and therefore the times of the symptoms are often compared with the recording and any arrhythmia diagnosed.
According to GRC, Disorders of cardiac rhythm are leading causes of overtime and stroke. Recent progress in elucidating molecular, cellular, and systems-level mechanisms have promoted new concepts that are inspiring simpler treatment strategies.
The 2021 Gordon Research Conference (GRC) on arrhythmia Mechanisms will emphasize the multiscale nature of current challenges in understanding arrhythmia biology, and highlight emerging multidisciplinary investigational and therapeutic approaches during this important field.
What is the treatment for arrhythmia?
Self-care action plan
Most arrhythmias can't be prevented by self-care, but a self-care action decide to reduce the danger of developing artery coronary disease and subsequent arrhythmia, and therefore the heart condition which will cause them, involves:
- Stopping smoking (which accelerates the guts rate),
- Eating a healthy, low-fat, high-fiber diet,
- Taking daily exercise as advised by a doctor,
- Avoiding stress and anxiety,
- Avoiding alcohol (which dulls the nervous system) and occasional (which stimulates the nervous system) if susceptible to arrhythmias,
- Avoiding medicines that may cause arrhythmias
Medicines
A variety of prescribed medicines are wont to treat arrhythmias. the foremost commonly used is digoxin. this is often wont to slow the speed of fibrillation, then increase heart-filling and therefore the amount of blood the guts radiates with each beat.
All anti-arrhythmia medicines can cause life-threatening side effects. they need to be used as instructed by a doctor, and any unusual or new symptom must be reported to the doctor immediately.
Atrial fibrillation thanks to an overactive thyroid reverts to a traditional rhythm once the overactive thyroid has been treated.
Electric shock treatment
Some types of arrhythmia that occur after a heart attack are treated by 'electric shock'. A controlled electric current is passed through the heart and this shocks the heart out of its abnormal rhythm and returns it to a normal regular rhythm.
Surgery
Pacemakers are used if there is a block in the electrical conduction system of the heart that means that the heart is unable to beat fast enough to supply enough blood to the body.
The pacemaker provides the electrical stimulus to make the heart beat faster. It consists of a control box and leads that connect the box to the heart. These leads are inserted into the heart through veins. The pacemaker may be temporary and used only for a few days after a heart attack, or it may be permanent.
In permanent pacemakers, the control box is a small, specially designed box powered by a lithium battery, and is usually implanted on the front of the left side of the chest.
A few rare types of arrhythmia caused by an abnormal electrical conduction pathway, which is often inherited, are treated by destroying the abnormal part of the pathway using an electric current or a radio wave.
A general anesthetic is not usually needed for either inserting a pacemaker or destroying the abnormal part of a conduction pathway.
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IN THE NEXT ARTICLE WE WILL BE DISCUSSING "CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE"
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